Stories, reports and perspectives about the Yamuna.
The Yamuna is one of the most important rivers associated with Delhi. It enters the National Capital Territory near Palla in the north and travels roughly 52 kilometres through Delhi before leaving the city near Jaitpur. Yet the river that has shaped Delhi's geography, culture and history is today facing one of its most serious ecological crises.
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As Delhi developed through successive dynasties, the Yamuna remained an important part of the city's geography. Firoz Shah Tughlaq's Delhi, known as Firozabad, developed along the river. The Firoz Shah Kotla complex represents one of the major medieval sites associated with the Yamuna. The river was not simply scenery outside the city. It formed part of the city's infrastructure and landscape.
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When people talk about the Yamuna in Delhi, pollution is usually the first subject that comes to mind. But behind the polluted stretches is another story: the Yamuna floodplain remains an important ecological landscape supporting birds, aquatic organisms, vegetation and wetland habitats.
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Delhi generates thousands of million litres of sewage every day. In June 2025, government data indicated estimated sewage generation of around 3,596 MLD. Although treatment capacity existed through dozens of sewage-treatment plants, about 641 MLD of sewage was still reported as untreated and entering the river or drainage network.
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